US states

California SB 947 'No Robo Bosses Act' and other AI workplace laws signed

Employers may not fire or discipline based solely on an automated decision system (effective 2027-07-01); SB 951 adds AI-layoff notices; AB 1883 bars emotion-recognition and neural-data surveillance; AB 1979 keeps AI advisory in health care. AB 2656 and AB 2575 were vetoed.

“Nobody wants to be fired by a machine.”

KQED, Oct 1, 2026

Newsom executive order on frontier AI safety, including a possible 'kill switch'

Speeds implementation of SB 813 and AB 1405 (AI evaluator and auditor laws) and convenes experts to recommend further safeguards, such as an emergency shutoff duty for frontier developers, within two months.

“the stakes are too high to wait or delay action”

Spectrum News 1, Sep 18, 2026

California SB 1119 ('Adam's Law') and SB 867 signed

SB 1119 adds child risk assessments, independent child-safety audits and age verification to the companion-chatbot law (effective 2027-07-01); SB 867 bans toys with companion chatbots from 2027 to 2031.

Tech Policy Press, Sep 2026

Colorado SB 26-189 repeals and replaces the AI Act

Narrower 'automated decision-making technology' law: developer disclosures to deployers, notice to consumers, plain-language explanation within 30 days of an adverse decision, no private right of action. Takes effect 2027-01-01.

Taft (law firm bulletin), May 27, 2026

xAI sues to block Colorado AI Act; DOJ intervenes (2026-04-24)

xAI challenged SB 24-205 as unconstitutional; the Justice Department moved to intervene on equal-protection grounds, and a federal magistrate judge stayed enforcement on 2026-04-27 with the state's agreement.

“Laws that require AI companies to infect their products with woke DEI ideology are illegal.”

U.S. Department of Justice press release, Apr 24, 2026

Illinois AI-in-employment amendments take effect

Effective date of Public Act 103-0804.

LegiScan, IL HB3773 (2023), Aug 9, 2024

Texas TRAIGA takes effect

Effective date of HB 149.

LegiScan, TX HB149 (2025), Jun 22, 2025

New York RAISE Act (S6953B) signed, Chapter 699

Large frontier AI developers must publish safety protocols and report critical-harm incidents within 72 hours; a new office in the Department of Financial Services oversees them; penalties up to $1m (first) and $3m (later) violations.

“New York now has the strongest AI transparency law in the country.”

Governor Kathy Hochul press release, Dec 19, 2025

California SB 243 (companion chatbots) and other AI and child-safety bills signed

SB 243 sets rules for companion chatbots (self-harm protocols, AI disclosure, break reminders for minors); AB 316 bars the defense that 'the AI did it'; AB 853 amends the AI Transparency Act; AB 621 raises deepfake-porn penalties.

“Our children's safety is not for sale.”

Office of Governor Gavin Newsom, Oct 13, 2025

California SB 53, Transparency in Frontier AI Act, signed

Large frontier AI developers must publish a safety framework, report critical safety incidents to the state Office of Emergency Services, and protect whistleblowers; also sets up CalCompute.

“AI is the new frontier in innovation.”

Office of Governor Gavin Newsom, Sep 29, 2025

Colorado SB 25B-004 delays the AI Act to 2026-06-30

Special-session law pushing the start date of SB 24-205's requirements from 2026-02-01 to 2026-06-30.

“The act extends the effective date of the requirements of Senate Bill 24-205 to June 30, 2026.”

Colorado General Assembly, SB25B-004, Aug 28, 2025

Illinois HB 1806: Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act

Bars using AI to provide therapy or make mental-health treatment decisions; clinicians may still use AI for support tasks. (Press release of Monday 2025-08-04 says it was signed 'on Friday'.)

“prohibits anyone from using AI to provide mental health and therapeutic decision-making”

Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, Aug 4, 2025

Texas Responsible AI Governance Act (TRAIGA, HB 149) signed

Texas law regulating the use of AI systems in the state, with civil penalties; effective 2026-01-01.

“Relating to regulation of the use of artificial intelligence systems in this state; providing civil penalties.”

LegiScan, TX HB149 (2025), Jun 22, 2025

Illinois HB 3773 (Public Act 103-0804): AI in employment

Amends the Illinois Human Rights Act so employers may not use AI that discriminates against protected classes (or zip codes as a proxy) and must tell workers when AI is used. Effective 2026-01-01.

LegiScan, IL HB3773 (2023), Aug 9, 2024

Colorado AI Act (SB 24-205) signed

First broad US state law on 'high-risk' AI: duty of reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, impact assessments and consumer notices. Originally due 2026-02-01; later delayed, then replaced before taking effect.

Epstein Becker Green, Workforce Bulletin, May 20, 2024

Utah SB 149, Artificial Intelligence Amendments

Created an Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy and a 'learning laboratory', and requires disclosure when generative AI is used to interact with consumers (if asked, or up front in regulated occupations); fines up to $2,500 per violation. Took effect 2024-05-01.

“This bill takes effect on May 1, 2024.”

Utah Legislature, S.B. 149 (2024) enrolled bill, Mar 13, 2024